COLIN PAUL
SPEARS,
MD
CEO and Founder, Fibonacci Phyllotaxis Inc. (dba Fibons)
Professor Emeritus, California Northstate
University College of Medicine
Personal Information
Work Address |
FPI dba Fibons 3415
American River Dr., Ste. C Sacramento
CA 95864-5741 |
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Telephone |
(916)
502-0816 cell/text (916)
692-8480 office |
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Fax |
(916)
482-4710 |
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Email |
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Citizenship |
USA |
Education
College |
Queens College, City University of
New York,
Queens,
N.Y.,
B.A., Chemistry-Biology 1966,
cum laude |
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Medical
School |
Downstate Campus, State University of New
York, Brooklyn,
N.Y.,
M.D., 1970, cum laude |
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Internship |
U.S. Public Health Service Hospital,
San Francisco, California, 1970-1971,
Straight Medicine |
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Associateship |
U.S. Public Health Service Hospital,
San Francisco, California, 1971-1973,
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Research Associate in Cardiology |
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Residency |
LAC/USC-MC,
Los Angeles, California, 1973-1974,
Internal Medicine |
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Fellowships |
LAC/USC-MC,
Los Angeles, California,
1974-1977, Medical Oncology USC
Comprehensive Cancer
Center, Los Angeles,
California,
1977-1983, Research Scholar (Advisor: Prof.
Charles Heidelberger) Hematology,
The Hospital
of the Good Samaritan,
Los Angeles, 1983-1984 |
Honors and Distinction
National
Cancer Institute, NIH |
Cancer
Research Training Grant Award,
1974 |
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National
Cancer Institute, NIH |
Cancer
Clinical Training Grant
Award, 1975 |
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Meetings Best Abstracts |
American Association for
Cancer Research, 1979;
American Society of
Clinical Oncology, 1986
and 1989 Co-author,
1st Place Award,
The Genetic Revolution,
San Diego, 1994 |
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Member |
International Who’s Who of Professionals Distinguished
Leadership Award, International Directory of Distinguished Leadership,
1998 |
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Teaching Awards |
Consultant of the Year, Family Practice Residency Program,
Mercy General Hospital,
Sacramento, CA, 2003, 2008
and 2009 |
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Invited Lectures |
Management of Breast Cancer
in the U.S.,
Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska University
Göteborg,
Sweden, 1992 Discussant, Clinical Pharmacology
Section, American Society of Clinical
Oncology, 1993 Keynote Speaker, Nordic Clinical Pharmacology Group,
Göteborg,
Sweden, 1995 Moderator
and Speaker: Trimetrexate/5-FU: Review of Preclinical
Rationale and Pharmacodynamics, U.S.
BioScience Symposium,
St. Petersberg, Fl.,
8/1998 |
Achievements
Cancer Drug Development |
Pharmacodynamic studies
of thymidylate synthase (TS)
inhibition in vivo 1979 and in clinical
tumor biopsies, 1982 using fluorouracil, firsts for
any cancer drug Invention of CoFactor, for
improvement of 5-FU therapy, USC, 1982, Patents in 1990s, PI role in
Phase IIB trial including at Sierra Hematology & Oncology and Mercy
General Hospital in 2003, leading to phase III trials (currently under Isofol with Merck) First Investigator
for national trial
of breast cancer treatment vaccine, 1994,
USC-Norris Cancer Center Addition of folate to Alimta (pemetrexed), a TS inhibitor, with successful Registration Trial in NSCLC, Eli Lilly 1999 |
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Chemistry |
Methods for Swain-Scott-Spears Nucleophilic
Selectivity of aliphatic alkylating agents using green protic
chemistry and physiological conditions (1980-present) Invention of selenium and selenone alkylating agents using physical
organic chemical kinetics, 1990’s Demonstration in 2018 that bendamustine is a classical alkylating agent, leading to FDA
relabeling Studies of evofosfamide
kinetics under hypoxic conditions, explaining its failure in the
clinic Studies of ethylphenyglycidate
(Strawberry Aldehyde 2) showing potential mutagenicity risk |
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Mathematics |
Generalized Fibonacci Number,
Definition of,
cited in MathWorld.com (Mathematica; and the Encyclopedia of
Mathematics,
CRC Publishing, 2003-present) Mathematics of
volume doubling relationships,
1979, 1984, and the 1-2-3-4 of
Volume and Area Doubling Rulers, 2021 Erdős Number
3 Fibonacci biology, sequential slide video-microscopy (SSVM) for phyllotaxic patterns in Cotula
sericea, 2017 |
Licensure
California Physician and Surgeon License G23022 since 1970
DEA
AS5295301
NPI
1023084720
ORCiD ID: 0003-003-2822-3620
Web
of Science Researcher ID HNS-4212-2023
Board Certification
ABIM Member Number 52779
Medicine, American Board of Internal Medicine, 1982 (Lifetime Certification)
Medical
Oncology, ABIM, 1985 (Lifetime Certification)
Professional
Appointment
· Research Scholar: University of
Southern Cancer
Center, Los Angeles,
1977 – 1982 · Assist Prof
of Res Med:
USC School of Medicine,
1982 – 1983 · Clin Assist
Prof of
Med:
USC School of Medicine,
1985 – 1986 · Assoc Prof
Medicine: Medical Oncology, USC
School of Medicine,
1986 – 1997 · Prof Clin Medicine: Medical Oncology,
USC School of Medicine,
1997 – 1999 ·
Active Staff, Medical Oncology &
Hematology,
Huntington Memorial
Hospital, Pasadena, California, 1997 – 1999 · Member,
Huntington Medical Research Institute, Pasadena,
California, 1996
-1999 · Research Scholar, USC Department
of Chemistry, Los Angeles, CA,
1998 – 2001 ·
Senior
Clinical Research Physician,
Oncology
Products, Eli Lilly & Company,
Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis,
Indiana. 01/04/1999 -
08/04/1999 ·
Attending Physician, Woodland Clinic, Woodland, CA,
03/2001 - 12/2001 ·
Attending Physician, Sacramento Center of Hematology
&Medical Oncology, 2800 L
Street, Sutter Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA. 12/1999 – 03/2001 ·
Attending
Physician, Sierra
Hematology & Oncology, Suite 360,
3939 J Street, Sacramento, CA 95819, 03/26/2001 – present · Partner, Sierra Hematology & Oncology Medical
Centers, 2001 – 2017
Retirement · Chairman, Cancer Committee, Mercy General Hospital,
Community Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, 2008 – 2016 · Chairman, Weekly Tumor
Conference, Mercy General
Hospital, Sacramento, 2008 – 2014 ·
Member, Institutional
Review Board, Catholic HealthCare West,
Sacramento Region 2001
– 2017 ·
Clinical Professor, California Northstate
University, College of Medicine 2013 - 2020 |
Graduate & Post-Graduate Teaching
Graduate &
Post-Graduate Teaching USC, 1985-1997 1. Sang-Ihn Kang, Ph.D., 1985-9. Synthetic chemist. Won a National
Academy of Sciences National Research Council Fellowship to work with Dr.
Kurt Kohn at the National Cancer Institute’s Laboratory of Molecular
Pharmacology. 2. Jashovam Shani, Ph.D., 1984-5. UICC Eleanor Roosevelt
Fellow. Appointed Director of the Food and Drug
Administration of Israel in 1989. 3. Nitya G.
Kundu, Ph.D., Summer, 1988. UICC Traveling Fellowship, from his post as
Professor of Chemistry,
Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Calcutta, India. 4. Andrea H.
Hayes, Summer, 1987. Junior, pre-med student. USC research done before entry
into Dartmouth
Medical School. 5. Shawn
Granger, Summer 1988. West Point graduate, USC School of Medicine. 6. Ph.D.
Guidance Committee, Dean of Graduate Studies Representative, Paresh Sanghani, 1996; Elaine Chen, 1992
(USC School of Pharmacy);Jingwen
(Jenny) Zheng, 1994; Jeff Wang, 1994. 7. Helena
Gustavsson, premedical student, U. of Göteborg,
Sweden, 1992-93. 8. Francisco Bravo
H.S. preceptor and Science Fair judge, 1991 -1999. 9. University
of Göteborg M.D./Ph.D. graduate USC studies
preceptor for: Magnus Berne, M.D., Ph.D. (1986),
Roland Frösing, M.D., Ph.D. (1992), Per-Anders
Larsson (1994). CNUCOM, 2014-2019 1. Aye Khine, 2nd-Yr. Doctoral Candidate, Prolonged
Myelosuppression of Bendamustine, and its Low
Nucleophilic Selectivity. 2. Sylvia
Bowditch, Cristopher Phillips, and Jacob Stoker, 2nd-Yr. Doctoral Candidates Barriers to
Access to
Care at Chemotherapy Infusion Centers, by Patients with Paraplegia. |
Military
Service
U.S.
Public Health Service, Lt
(03),
1970-1973
Presidio, Marine Hospital, San Francisco, California
Society Memberships
Memberships
Past and Present ·
American
Medical Association ·
Sacramento-El
Dorado County Medical Association ·
Sierra
Sacramento Valley Medical Society ·
Los
Angeles County Medical Association ·
Pasadena
Medical Society ·
California
Medical Association ·
American
Association for Cancer Research ·
American
Society for Clinical Oncology ·
Association
of Northern California Oncologists ·
American
Society of Hematology ·
American
Chemical Society ·
American
Society for Cell Biology - ASCB ·
SPIE-The
International Society for Optical Engineering ·
International
Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry ·
International
Society for the Study of Xenobiotics ·
International
Society for the Study of Comparative Oncology ·
Mathematics
Association of America ·
American
Mathematics Society ·
Fibonacci
Association ·
American
Statistical Association ·
South
Bay Writers Club (California Writers Club) |
Consultantships
Biokeys Corporation: Consultant, Los Angeles, CA, 1997-1999
US Bioscience: Investigator Meetings Faculty, 1997-1999
Rhône-Poulenc-Rorer: Speaker, Area Advisory Board,
1997-1999
NCI: Program Project
Reviewer, Division of Cancer
Treatment, 1988
(Memorial
SKCC), 1991 (Roswell
Park),
1993 (Univ.
of Michigan), 1994 (Yale Univ.)
NCI, NIH: Phase I-II Cancer
Pharmacokinetics Contracts Review
Committee,
1997
NIH, PHS SBIR and STTR: Reviewer, 1994,
1995
NCI: Extramural
R13
Reviewer, 1991
NCI: Special Emphasis Panel,
Chemopreventive Agent Contracts,
1992
NATO: Referee, Collaborative Research Grants, 1991
SPIE: International
Working Group in Electronic Imaging
Regional Cancer Treatment: Member, Editorial Board
Reviewer: J. Med. Chem., Cancer Res.,
Cancer, J. Biol. Chem.,
J. Natl. Cancer Inst.,
Biochem. Pharmacol., Eur. J.
Oncol.,
Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol.,
Fibonacci Quarterly, Oncology Research,
Gastroenterology, Int. J.
Cancer, Drugs, J. Spinal Cord Med.
Hospital Staff Privileges
CURRENT
Mercy General Hospital, Sacramento, CA
PRIOR
Sacramento, CA: Sutter General Hospital
and Sutter Memorial
Hospital.
Davis, CA: Sutter Davis Hospital, 1999-2001.
Pasadena, CA: Huntington Memorial Hospital and St. Luke Medical Center, 2/97 -
1/99.
Los
Angeles, CA:
The Hospital
of the Good Samaritan, 1984-7, Norris Cancer
Hospital, 1987-1997,
USC University Hospital, 1992-1997.
Locum Tenens
Practice of Mark Farbstein,
Hematology/Medical Oncology,
Pasadena, CA, 11/96
Practice of Lowell Irwin,
M.D. and M. Mercedes Brenneisen, M.D.,
MedicalOncology/Hematology, Los Angeles and San Gabriel
Valley,
CA, 1990s.
Practice of Mark Turrill,
M.D.,
Medical Oncology/Hematology, Lakeport,
CA, 1999.
Practice of Herbert A.
Hartman, Jr., M.D.,
Methodist Cancer
Center, Omaha, NE, 2000.
Research Grants as Principal Investigator
NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE,
NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH
R01 CA39629-04, Biochemistry of 5-Fluorouracil Effects $185,782 Direct costs awarded; 5-01-88 to 4-30-91;
CA39629-06S1, $27,285,
5-1-91 - 11-30-91.
LEDERLE LABORATORIES
Grant #179,000, (l) Leucovorin Addition to Protracted Infusion Fluorouracil,
$92,055; 3-31-92.
NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE,
NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH
CA39629-07,
Biochemistry and Pathology of
5-FU/&Folate Therapy,
$356,977 Direct
costs awarded;
7-1-92-6-30-95.
NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE,
NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH
CA39629-08S, $15,000 Direct costs awarded; 1/1/94-6/30/94.
NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE,
NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH
CA39629-09,
Biochemistry and Pathology of
5-FU/Folate Therapy, $117,000 Direct
costs awarded; 7/1/94-6
/30/95.
THERO2X, INC.
Oxygen supersaturated crystalloids as radiation sensitizers, $10,000,
9/95.
UNIVERSITY OF GÖTEBORG
Pharmacodynamics of
TS
Inhibition, $15,000,
10/1/95.
BRISTOL MYERS-SQUIBB, ONCOLOGY DIVISION
Sequence Dependency of Hydroxyurea and Fluorouracil, $24,000, 7/1/96-2/1/97.
U.S. BIOSCIENCE
Biochemical
Correlates of Neutrexin/5-FU/LV
in
Colorectal Cancer, $25,000,
1997.
RHÔNE-POULENC
RORER/UNIVERSITY OF
GÖTEBORG
Image Cytometry of Thymidylate synthase and Ki-67 in Phase 3 Colorectal
Cancer Patients Randomised to
5-Fluorouracil vs.
Camsar,
$25,000, 1997-8.
USC NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL
HEALTH SCIENCES CENTER (NIEHS)
Alkylating Activities and Mutagenicities of Oxygenated Fuel Additives, $15,000,
January, 1997.
Research Grants as Co-Investigator
NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE,
NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH
RFA
CA93-09, Phase II Trials of
New
Anticancer Agents, $237,048 Direct costs awarded;
P.I.:
Franco M. Muggia;
5% effort; 6/10/94-6/9/98.
NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE,
NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH
1-U02 CA62505-01 (RFA CA93-07),
Phase I Contract, Phase I Molecular and
Clinical Pharmacodynamic
Trials;
P.I.:
Franco Muggia; 5% effort; 1994-1998.
NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH, MEDICAL SCIENCES TRAINING PROGRAM
Training of Medical
Scientists in Modern Biology;
P.I.: Richard Bergman; 5% effort;
1994.
Publications
Peer-Reviewed Publications
1.
Spears,
C.P., Hyatt, K.H., Vogel, J.M., and Langfitt, S.G.
Unified method for serial study of body fluid compartments. 2.
Hyatt,
K.H., Johnson, P.C., Hoffler, G.W., Rambaut, P.C., Rummel, J.A., Hulley, S.B., Vogel, J.M., Huntoon,
C., and Spears, C.P. Effect of potassium depletion in normal males: an Apollo
15 simulation. 3.
Moran,
R.G., Spears, C.P., and Heidelberger, C. Biochemical determinants of tumor
sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil: ultrasensitive methods for the determination
of 5-fluoro-2’-deoxyuridylate, 2’-deoxyuridylate, and thymidylate synthetase.
4.
Spears,
C.P. Nucleophilic selectivity ratios of model and clinical alkylating agents
by 4-(4’-nitrobenzyl)pyridine product competition. 5.
Peterson,
A.R., Landolph, J.R., Peterson, H., Spears, C.P.,
and Heidelberger, C. Oncogenic transformation and mutation of
C3H&10T1&2 CL 8 mouse embryo fibroblasts by alkylating agents. 6.
Spears,
C.P., Shahinian, A.H., Moran, R.G., Heidelberger,
C., and Corbett, T.H. In vivo kinetics of thymidylate synthetase inhibition in
5-fluorouracil-sensitive and resistant murine colon adenocarcinomas. 7.
Spears,
C.P. Thymidylate synthetase inhibition in Peyton colon adenocarcinoma
xenografts following bolus 5-fluorouracil. 8.
Spears,
C.P. Volume doubling measurement of spherical and ellipsoidal tumors. 9.
Spears,
C.P., Gustavsson, B.G., Mitchell, M.S., Spicer, D.V., Berne, M., Bernstein,
L., and Danenberg, P.V. Thymidylate synthetase inhibition in malignant tissues and normal
liver of patients given intravenous 5-fluorouracil. 10. Spears, C.P., Shani, J., Shahinian, A.H., Wolf, W., Heidelberger, C., and Danenberg, P.V. Assay and time course of 5-fluorouracil
incorporation into RNA of L1210&0 ascites cells in vivo. 11. Berne, M.H.O., Gustavsson,
B.G., Almersjo, O., Spears, C.P., and Frösing, R. Sequential methotrexate-5-FU: FdUMP formation and TS inhibition in a transplantable
rodent colon adenocarcinoma. 12. Berne, M.H.O., Gustavsson, B., Almersjo, O., Spears, C.P., and Waldenstrom,
J. Concurrent allopurinol and 5-fluorouracil: 5-fluoro-2’-deoxyuridylate formation
and thymidylate synthase inhibition in rat colon carcinoma and in
regenerating rat liver. 13. Kang, S-I., and Spears, C.P. Linear
free energy relationships and cytotoxicities of para!substituted 2-haloethylarylselenides
and bis(2-chloroethyl)selenides. 14. Kang, S-I., and Spears, C.P. A
facile synthesis of 2- and 3-hydroxyalkylseleno compounds. 15. Spears, C.P., and Gustavsson, B.G.
Methods for thymidylate synthase pharmacodynamics: Serial Biopsy, free and
total TS, FdUMP and dUMP,
and H4PteGlu and CH2-H4PteGlu assays. 16. Gustavsson, B.G., Carlsson, G., Frösing, R., and Spears, C.P. Pharmacodynamics of
fluorouracil and leucovorin. 17. Berne, M., Gustavsson, B., Almersjo, O., Spears, C.P., and Sundstrom, E. Inhibition
of thymidylate synthase after administration of doxifluridine
in a transplantable colon carcinoma in the rat. 18. Spears, C.P., Gustavsson, B.G.,
Berne, M., Frösing, R., and Hayes, A.A. Mechanisms
of innate resistance to thymidylate synthase inhibition after fluorouracil. 19. Peterson, A.R., Peterson, H.,
Spears, C.P., Trosko, J.E., and Sevanian,
A. Mutagenic characterization of cholesterol epoxides in Chinese hamster V79
cells. 20. Spears, C.P., Gustavsson,
B.G., and Frösing, R. Folinic acid modulation of
fluorouracil: kinetics of bolus administration. 21. Spears, C.P., Hayes, A.H., Danenberg, P.V., Shahinian, A.,
Frösing, R., and Gustavsson,
B.G. Deoxyuridylate effects on thymidylate
synthase-5-fluorodeoxyuridylate-folate ternary complex formation. 22. Buzaid, A.C., Alberts, D.S., Einspahr, J., Mosley, K., Peng, Y-M., Garewal,
H.S., Tutsch, K., and Spears, C.P. Effect of
dipyridamole on fluorodeoxyuridine cytotoxicity in
vitro and in cancer patients. 23. Kang, S-I., and Spears, C.P.
Structure-activity studies on organoselenium
alkylating agents. 24. Leichman, C.G., Leichman,
L., Spears, C.P., Rosen, P., Muggia, F.M., Jeffers,
S., and Waugh, W. Biological modification of protracted infusion of
5-fluorouracil with weekly leucovorin. A dose seeking clinical trial for
patients with disseminated gastrointestinal cancers. 25. Kang, S-I., and Spears, C.P. Phenyl selenones: alkyl transfer by selenium-carbon
bond-cleavage. 26. Kundu, N.G., Das, B., Spears, C.P.,
Mazumder, A., and Kang, S-I. Synthesis and biological activities of novel 5-(2-acylethynyl)uracils. 27. Carlsson, G., Gustavsson, B.G.,
Spears, C.P., and Hofström, L-O. 5-Fluorouracil
plus leucovorin as adjuvant therapy of an experimental liver tumor in rats. 28. Carlsson, G., Gustavsson,
B.G., Glimelius, B., Graf, W., Påhlman,
L., and Spears, C.P. Sequential 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin in patients
with advanced symptomatic colorectal cancer. 29. Horikoshi, T., Danenberg,
K.D., Stadlbauer, T.H.W., Volkenandt, M., Shea,
L.C.C., Aigner, K., Gustavsson, B.G., Leichman, L., Frösing, R., Ray,
M., Gibson, N.W., Spears, C.P., and Danenberg, P.V.
Quantitation of thymidylate synthase, dihydrofolate
reductase, and DT!diaphorase
gene expression in human tumors using the polymerase chain reaction. 30. Leichman, L., Silberman, H., Leichman, C.G., Spears, C.P., et al. Preoperative
systemic chemotherapy followed by adjuvant postoperative intraperitoneal
therapy for gastric cancer: a University of Southern California pilot
program. 31. Leichman, C.G., Leichman,
L., Spears, C.P., Rosen, P.J., Jeffers, S., and Groshen,
S. Prolonged continuous infusion of fluorouracil with weekly bolus leucovorin:
a phase II study in patients with disseminated colorectal cancer. 32. Hoier, H., Carrell, H.L., Glusker, J.P., and Spears, C.P. Structure of ethyl phenylselenone. 33. Kundu, N.G., Dasgupta,
S.K., Chadhuri, L.N., Mahanty,
J.S., Spears, C.P., and Shahinian, A.H. Synthesis
and biological activities of 5-(2-acylvinyl) uracils.
34. Carlsson, G., Hofström,
L-O., Spears, C.P., and Gustavsson, B.G. Sequential 5-fluorouracil and
leucovorin. An experimental study in rats with hepatic metastasis of a rat
colon carcinoma: clinical relevance for scheduling. 35. Muggia, F.M., Tulpule,
A., Retzios, A., Chen, F., Jeffers, S., Leichman, C.G., Leichman, L.,
Spears, C.P., and Chan, K.K. Intraperitoneal 5-fluoro-2’-deoxyuridine with
escalating doses of leucovorin: pharmacology and clinical tolerance. 36. Spears, C.P. Clinical resistance to
antimetabolites. 37. Carlsson, G., Larsson, P-A., Frösing, R., Hafström, L-O.,
Spears, C.P., Peterson, A., and Gustavsson, B. 5-Fluorouracil sensitive
adenocarcinoma - A new experimental model in the rat. 38. Kundu, N.G., Mahanty,
J.S., Spears, C.P., Andrei, G., Snoek, R., Balzarini,
J., and DeClercq, E. Palladium-catalyzed synthesis of
[E]-5-(2-acylvinyl)-2’-deoxyuridines and their biological activities. 39. Leichman, L., Lenz, H-J., Leichman, C.G., Groshen, S., Danenberg, K., Baranda, J.,
Spears, C.P., Boswell, W., Silberman, H., Ortega, A., Stain, S., Beart, R., and Danenberg, P.
Quantitation of intratumoral thymidylate synthase
expression predicts for resistance to protracted infusion of 5-fluorouracil
and weekly leucovorin in disseminated colorectal cancers: preliminary report
from an ongoing trial. 40. Larsson, P-A., Carlsson, G., Gustavsson,
B., Hafström, L-O., Peterson, A., and Spears, C.P.
Effects of 5,10-methylene-tetrahydrofolate on rat colon tumour
growth and biomodulation of 5-fluorouracil. 41. Banerjee, D., Lenz, H-J., Schnieders, B., Manno, D.J., Ju, J.F., Spears, C.P., Hochhauser, D., Danenberg, K., Danenberg, P., and Bertino,
J.R. Transfection of wild-type but not mutant p53 induces early monocytic
differentiation in HL60 cells and increases their sensitivity to stress. 42. Carlsson, G., Gustavsson, B., Frösing, R., Odin, E., Hafström,
L-O., Spears, C.P., and Larsson, P-A. Antitumour
effects of pure diastereoisomers of
5-formyltetrahydrofolate in hepatic transplants of a rodent colon carcinoma
model. 43. Kundu, N.G., Mahanty,
J.S., Spears, C.P., Andrei, G., Snoeck, R., Balzarini, J.,DeClerque,E.,
Palladium-catalyzed synthesis of (E)-5-(2-acylvinyl)-2'-deoxyuridines and
their antiviral and cytotoxic activities. 44. Spears, C.P., Carlsson, G., Muggia, F.M., Waugh, W., Jaresko,
G., and Gustavsson, B.G. Aspects of one-carbon folate cycling related to
fluoropyrimidine and antifolate therapy. 45. Bicknell-Johnson, M., and Spears,
C.P. Classes of identities for the generalized Fibonacci numbers Gn = Gn-1 + Gn-c from matrices
with constant valued determinants. 46. Larsson, P.-A., Carlsson, G., Gustavsson,
B, and Spears, C.P. Thymidylate synthase in advanced gastrointestinal and
breast cancers. 47. Kundu, N.G., Mahanty,
J.S., Unusual cytotoxicities of 5-(acylethynyl)-1-(2-hydroxy-ethoxy)methyl
uracils. 48. Das, P., Spears, C.P., Shahinian, A.H., Dasgupta,
S.K., and Kundu, N.G. Palladium-catalyzed synthesis of some
biologically-active 5,6-disubstituted uracils. 49. Quan, W.D.Y., Jr., Dean, G.E.,
Spears, L., Spears, C.P., Groshen, S., Merritt,
J.A., and Mitchell, M.A. Active Specific Immunotherapy of Metastatic Melanoma
with Anti-Idiotype Vaccine: A Phase I/II Trial of I-Mel-2 Plus SAF-m. 50. Carlsson, G., Odin, E., P-A.
Larsson, Frösing, R., Spears, C.P., and Gustavsson,
B., Phase I-II study of weekly 5-fluorouracil and 5,10-methylene-tetrahydrofolate
in patients with advanced gastrointestinal and breast cancer 51. Frösing, R., Gustavsson, B., Carlsson, G.,
Larsson, P-A., Odin, E., and Spears, C.P. Decreases in FdUMP
ligand-binding sites in normal liver and adenocarcinoma in patients receiving
various folates. 52. Odin, E., Carlsson, G., Frösing, R., Gustavsson, B., Spears, C.P., and Larsson,
P.A. Chemical stability and human plasma pharmacokinetics of reduced folates.
53. Spears,C.P.,
S-I Kang, N.G. Kundu, T. Shamma, and G.A. Olah. Swain-Scott constants and alkylating agent drug
design. 54. Carlsson, G., Hafström,
L-O, and Spears, C.P., Gustavsson, B., and Larsson, P.A 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU)
and 5,10-methylene tetrahydrofolate (CH2FH4) as adjuvant therapy in an
experimental colon carcinoma in rats. 55. Yang, L., Chiang, Y., Lenz, H.J., Danenberg, K.D., Spears, C,P., Gordon, E.M., Anderson,
W.F., and Parekh, D. Intercellular communication mediates the bystander
effect during herpes simplex thymidine kinase/ganciclovir-based gene therapy
of human gastrointestinal tumor cells. 56. Spears, C.P., and Bicknell-Johnson,
M. Asymmetric cell division: Binomial identities for age analysis of mortal
and immortal trees. 57. Ju, J.F., Banerjee, D., Lenz, H.J., Danenberg, K.D., Schmittgen,
T.C., Spears, C.P., Schonthal, A.H., Manno, D.J., Hochhauser, D., Bertino, J.R., and Danenberg,
P.V. Restoration of wild-type p53 activity in p53-null HL-60 cells confers
multidrug sensitivity. 58. Kundu, N.G., Mahanty,
J.S., Chowdhury, C., Dasgupta, S.K., Das, B., Spears, C.P., Balzarini, J., and De Clerq, E.
5-(Acylethynyl)uracils,
5-(acylethynyl)-2'-deoxyuridines and 5-(acylethynyl)-1-(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyluracils.
Their synthesis, antiviral and cytotoxic activities. 59. Williams-Hill, D.M., Spears, C.P.,
Parkash, S., Olah, G.A., Shamma,
T., Moin, T., Kim, L.Y.,and Hill, C.K. Mutagenicity studies of methy-tert-butyl ether (MTBE)
using the Ames tester strain TA102 60. Yazan, O., Spears, C.P., Carlsson,
G., Gustavsson, B., Ingram, M.L., and Gruia, G.
Thymidylate Synthase (TS) and Ki-67 expression in tumor cells of patients
with advanced colon cancer randomized to irinotecan (CPT-11) vs.
5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Annals of Oncology (11):54, 2000. 61. Garcia, A.A, Muggia,
F.M., Spears, C.P., Jeffers, S., Silberman, H., Pujari, M., Koda, R.T. Phase
I and pharmacologic study of i.v. hydroxyurea
infusion given with i.p. 5-fluoro-2’-deoxyuridine
and leucovorin. 62. Odin, E., Wettergren,
Y., Nilsson, S., Willen, R., Carlsson, G., Spears,
C.P., and Gustavsson, B. Altered gene expression of folate enzymes in
adjacent mucosa is associated with outcome of colorectal cancer patients. 63. Spears, C.P., Bicknell-Johnson, M.,
and Yan, J.J. Fibonacci Phyllotaxis by Asymmetric Cell Division: Zeckendorf and Wythoff Trees. 64. Bicknell-Johnson, M. and Spears,
C.P. Lucas Quotient Lemmas. 65. Bicknell-Johnson, M. and Spears,
C.P. Hexahexaflexagons: a Mathematical Ramble. 66. Bicknell-Johnson, M. and Spears,
C.P. The Golden Ratio in Classical Maya Architecture. 67. Verstovsek S, Mersa RA, Gotlib J, … Spears,
C.P et al. Efficacy, Safety, and Survival with Ruxolitinib
in Patients with Myelofibrosis: Results of a Median 3 - years follow up of COMFORT-I.
Haematologica. 68. Vannucchi AM, Kantarjian HM, Kiladjian JJ,
…Spears C.P et al. A Pooled Analysis of Overall Survival in COMFORT-I and
COMFORT-II, 2 Randomized Phase III Trials of Ruxolitinib
for the Treatment of Myelofibrosis. Haematologica.
2015 Sep;100(9): 1139-45. |
Miscellaneous Publications
1. Spears,
C.P. Thymidylate synthetase inhibition in Peyton adenocarcinoma xenografts following bolus 5-fluorouracil.
Exerpta Med. Int.
Congr.
Series, 647:12-19, 1984. 2. Spears,
C.P. Management of the Patient with Paraneoplasia. Hospital
of the Good Samaritan Manual, Hematology-Oncology Unit, 1984, pp. 1-118. 3. Spears,
C.P., Ray, M., Granger,
S., Diasio, R.B., and
Gustavsson,
B.G. Dual role of serine
hydroxymethyltransferase in the synergy of fluorouracil
and leucovorin: effects of L-serine and glycine on
H4PteGlu/5,10-CH2-H4PteGlu ratios; and H4PteGlu-catalyzed release
of fluoride ion from
alpha!fluoro!beta-alanine. IN: Pteridines and Folic Acid Derivatives
(H.Ch. Curtius,
S. Ghisla and N. Blau,
eds.), Walter
de Gruyter,
Berlin, 1990. 4. Alaverdian,
A., Spears, C.P., Kang, S-I., and
Shahinian, A.H. High nitrogen and low sulfur
selectivities of alkyl aryl selenones and activities against drug!resistant tumor cell
lines. USC Undergrad.
J., 2: (1992). 5. Spears,
C.P., and Danenberg, P.V. Thymidylate synthase pharmacodynamics; Minutes of the NCI
Phase I Working Group, NCI,
CTEP, DCT. Bethesda, MD, October 27
and 28, pp 87-109,
1993. 6. Spears,
C. P., Thyroid Cancer,
IN:
The Complete Cancer
Survival Guide,
by P. Teely and P. Bashe, Doubleday Books, May, 2000. 7. Spears,
C. P. Writers Block
and A Song of Fertility. Poems in: Writers Talk, Monthly Newsletter of
South Bay Writers Club. 21(6):10,11, 2014. 8. Spears, C.P. Parallel, and Our. Poems in: Writers Talk, Monthly Newsletter of South
Bay Club 22 (4): 11, 2014. 9. Spears, C. P. Photo credit. Dedication
to Herta Taussig Freitag, Fibonacci Quarterly 34 (5): 467, 1996. 10. Hyatt, K.H., Sullivan, R.W., Spears,
C.P., and Vetter W.R. A Study of ventricular contractility and other
parameters possibly related to vasodepressor syncope. US
Public Health Service Hospital, San Francisco. NASA CR T-81035, pp.1-35,
1973. |
Patents
1. Spears,
C.P. Tumor Growth Measurement
Device. U.S. Patent 4,131,998. Jan 2, 1979. 2. Spears,
C.P. Biopsy Retriever. U.S. Patent 5, 133, 360. July 28, 1992. 3. Spears,
C.P., and Gustavsson, B.G.
Use of 5,10-Methylene-tetrahydrofolate as a Modulator
of a Chemotherapeutic Agent. U.S. Patent 5, 376,650. December
27, 1994. 4. Spears,
C.P., and Gustavsson, B.G.
Use of 5,10-Methylene-tetrahydrofolate as a Modulator
of a Chemotherapeutic Agent (Continuation in Part)
U.S. Patent 5,534,519. July 9, 1996. 5. Spears,
C.P., and Kang,
S!I. 2-Chloroethyl
Aryl
Selenones against Alkylating Agent
Resistant Cancer Cells. U.S. Patent 5,614,562. March 25,
1997. 6. Spears,
C.P., Gustavsson, G., and Carlsson, G.
5,10-Methylene-tetrahydrofolate as a Modulator
of a Chemotherapeutic Agent, Canadian Patent Application 2,082,881,
Notice of Allowance March 16, 2004. 7. Spears, C.P. and Brower, S.P. System and
Method for Evaluating Tumor Stability, U.S.Patent, 17/167,830.
Filed 02/04/2021. 8. Spears, C.P. and Brower, S.P.
Transparent Tumor Size Measuring Ruler. US Design Patent Application
29833158. April1, 2022. |
Selected Abstracts
1. Heidelberger, C.,
and Spears, C.P.
Determinants of
sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil
(5-FU): new ultrasensitive assays for 5-fluorodeoxyuridylate (FdUMP), deoxyuridylate (dUMP), and thymidylate synthetase (TS). Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer
Res., 20:63, 1979. 2. Spears, C.P., Shahinian, A.H., and
Heidelberger,
C. Relationship between 5-fluorouracil
(5-FU)
chemotherapeutic efficacy
and thymidylate synthetase (TS)
inhibition in murine colon carcinomas. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer
Res., 22:206, 1981. 3. Spears,
C.P., Gustavsson, B.G.,
Berne, M.,
and Heidelberger,
C. Thymidylate synthetase inhibition by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)
treatment
of human gastrointestinal malignancies: dump/&FdUMP ratio as a determinant. Proc. Am.
Assoc. Cancer Res.,
24:133, 1983. 4. Spears,
C.P., Gustavsson, B.G.,
Leissner, K.H.
and Danenberg,
P.V. Parameters of
thymidylate
synthetase (TS)
inhibition in bladder
carcinoma after
intravesical 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)
combined with
systemic allopurinol protection. Proc. Am.
Assoc. Cancer Res.,
25:166, 1984. 5. Gustavsson,
B.G., Berne, M., Frösing, R., and Spears,
C.P. Thymidylate synthetase inhibition in
dimethylhydrazine!induced rat
colon carcinoma after
sequential methotrexate/5-fluorouracil
administration. Proc. Am.
Assoc. Cancer Res.,
26:241, 1985. 6. Spears,
C.P., Danenberg, P.V., and Gustavsson,
B. Intracellular biochemical pharmacodynamics as a
clinical approach to drug sensitivity testing of
solid tumors. Eur. Conf. Clin. Oncol., 3:43, 1985. 7. Spears,
C.P., Berne, M.H.,
and Gustavsson, B.G. Lack of heterogeneity in pharmacodynamic studies of
gastrointestinal tumors treated with 5-fluorouracil. Int. Cancer
Congr.
XIV, 1986. 8. Spears,
C.P., Frösing, R., and Gustavsson, B.G.
Intracellular pharmacodynamics of 5-fluorouracil
in tumors and normal
tissues. Proc. Am.
Soc. Clin. Oncol.,
5:1986. 9. Kang,
S-I., and Spears, C.P. Selenium Mustards: reactivity correlations in a new
class of cytotoxic alkylating agents. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res., 27:1106, 1986. 10. Schwartz, J., Alberts, D., Einspahr, J., Peng, Y-M., and Spears, P. Dipyridamole potentiation
of FUDR activity against human colon cancer in vitro and in patients. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol., 6:325, 1987. 11. Spears, C.P., and Gustavsson, B.G. Deoxyuridylate!fluorodeoxyuridylate competition for binding to
bacterial thymidylate synthase at low folate concentrations. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer
Res., 28:321, 1987. 12. Spears, C.P., Gustavsson, B.G., and Frösing,
R. Serial tumor biopsy analysis of 5-FU/leucovorin. Int. Conf. Regional
Cancer Ther., Ulm & Donau, 1987. 13. Spears, C.P., Gustavsson,
B.G., Carlsson, G., and Frösing, R.
Fluorouracil& leucovorin pharmacodynamics: determination by serial
biopsy. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer
Res., 29:186, 1988. 14. Spears, C.P.,
Gustavsson, B.G., Carlsson, G., Frösing, R., Waugh,
W., Leichman, C.G., and Muggia,
F.M. Activation of leucovorin to methylenetetrahydrofolate for improving
thymidylate synthase inhibition after 5-FU: effects of CF dose, L-serine,
L-glutamate, and direct methyl-tetrahydrofolate administration. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin.
Oncol., 8:69, 1989. 15. Kang, S-I., and
Spears, C.P. Organoselenones: alkylation by
selenium-carbon bond breakage. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res., 30:459, 1989. 16. Kang, S-I., and
Spears, C.P. Linear free energy relationships and cytotoxicities
of para!substituted 2!haloethylaryl selenides and
bis-(2-chloroethyl) selenides. Quant. Struct.-Act. Relat., 7:109, 1988. 17. Leichman,
G., Leichman, L., Rosen, P., Spears, C.P., et al.
Biologic modification of continuous low-dose infusion of 5-fluorouracil by
low-dose leucovorin. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin.
Oncol., 8:73, 1989. 18. Spears, C.P.
Multiple roles of serine hydroxymethyltransferase
(SHMT) in the modulation of fluorouracil by leucovorin: correlation of high
H4PteGlu levels with response; and SHMT inhibition and fluoride ion
production by alpha-fluoro-beta-alanine (FBAL). Int. Symp.
Pteridines and Folic Acid Derivatives, 9:138, 1989. 19. Spears, C.P.,
Granger, S., Ray, M., Carlsson, G., Gustavsson, B.G. Tetrahydrofolate
(FH4)-mediated fluoride ion (F-) production by serine hydroxymethyltransferase
(SHMT) processing of FBAL. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer
Res., 31:396, 1990. 20. Spears, C.P., Waugh,
W., Leichman, L., Leichman,
C.G., Jeffers, S., Gustavsson, B.G., and Muggia, F.M. Salvage therapy of breast cancer with
fluorouracil (5-FU) and high!dose
leucovorin (LV): response correlations with tumor
pharmacodynamics. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol., 9:, 1990. 21. Leichman,
L., Silberman, H., Leichman, C., Laine, L., Ramos,
H., Spears, P., and Jeffers, S. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for gastric
adenocarcinoma (GA) followed by postoperative intraperitoneal (IP)
chemotherapy. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin.
Oncol., 9:109, 1990. 22. Leichman
C., Leichman, L., Spears, C.P., Jeffers, S.,
Chavez, J., Groshen, S., Waugh, W., and Rosen, P. Phase
II study of protracted infusion 5!fluorouracil
(5-FU) with weekly leucovorin (LV) in disseminated, measurable adenocarcinoma
of the large bowel. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol., 9:129, 1990. 23. Leichman,
C.G., Leichman, L., Spears, C.P., Rosen, P., and
Jeffers, S. Phase II study of prolonged infusion 5-fluorouracil (PIFU) with
weekly leucovorin (LV) in disseminated colorectal cancer (CRC). Proc. Am.
Soc. Clin. Oncol., 10:143, 1991. 24. Spears, C.P.,
Carlsson, G., Leichman, C.G., Gustavsson,
B.G., and Leichman, L. Folated-mediated
thymidylate synthase (TS) pharmacodynamics (PD): Effect of modulators of
fluoropyrimidine therapy. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin.
Oncol., 10:118, 1991. 25. Spears, C.P.
Aqueous, in vitro method for determination of linear free energy relationship
(LFER) parameters such as Swain-Scott constants in the kinetics of alkylating
agents, in reactions with model nucleophiles. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer
Res., 32:434, 1991. 26. Tulpule,
A., Chan, K., Muggia, F.M., Spears, C.P., Spicer,
D., and Jeffers, S. Uracil (U) + Ftorafur (FT):
Pharmacokinetic profile of an orally active 5-fluorouracil (FU) prodrug. Clin. Res., 1991. 27. Muggia,
F.M., Chan, K., Tulpule, A., Shahinian,
A., Retzios, A., Spears, C.P., Leichman,
L., and Jeffers, S. Intraperitoneal (IP) floxuridine
(FUDR)+(d,l)-leucovorin (LV): results of pharmacologic studies with LV
dose-escalation. Clin. Res., 1991. 28. Spicer, D., Muggia, F., Tulpule, A., Chan,
K., Leichman, G., Spears, P., and Jeffers, S. Phase
I circadian dosing of daily oral uracil (U) plus
l-(tetrahydro-2-furanyl)-5-fluorouracil (FT) with leucovorin (LV). Proc. Am. Soc. Clin.
Oncol., 10:118, 1991. 29. Spears, C.P.,
Carlsson, G., Shahinian, A.H., Gustavsson,
B.G., and Frösing, R. Pharmacologic (6R,S)-tetrahydrofolate (FH4): synergy with fluorouracil (FUra) by increased thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibition,
decreased methylene units, andpromotion of
unbalanced growth. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer
Res., 33:264, 1992. 30. Spears, C.P., Leichman, C.G., Muggia, F.M., Retzios, A., Imam, A., Kiyabu,
M.Y., and Leichman, L. (l)-Leucovorin (l-LV) plus
infusion 5-FU: thymidylate synthase (TS) effects in tumor extracts and
digital image analysis quantitation. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin.
Oncol., 11:116, 1992. 31. Muggia,
F.M., Jeffers, J., Leichman, C.G., Tulpule, A., Hanisch, R., Fuerst, M., Spears, C.P., Wu, X.Y., Chan, K., Spicer, D.,
and Leichman, L. Potential for uracil+ftorafur
(UFT) to mimic protracted infusions of 5-fluorouracil (FU). Proc. Am. Soc. Clin.
Oncol., 11:135, 1992. 32. Spears, C.P., Su,
S., Gustavsson, H., and Stevenson, L.A. Digital image analysis (DIA) of in
situ thymidylate synthase (TS) protein and mRNA message using a modular
system for RGB image processing. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer
Res., 34:417, 1993. 33. Grunberg, S.M.,
Spears, C.P., Jelliffe, R.W., Zaretsky,
S., Shahinian, A.H., Su, S., and Tahani, B. Phase I
clinical and pharmacokinetic (PK) study of high-dose edatrexate (EDX) with
leucovorin (LV) rescue (Protocol NCI-T91-0077). Proc. Am. Soc. Clin.
Oncol., 12:154, 1993. 34. Carlsson, G., Gustavsson, B.G., Hafström,
L.O., and Spears, C.P. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) and methylenetetrahydrofolate
(CH2FH4) as adjuvant therapy in an experimental colonic adenocarcinoma in
rats. 18th Int. Congr. Chemother., Abstract No.
272, p. 168 of Proceedings, Stockholm, 1993. 35. Kundu,
N.G., Mahanty, J.S., Dasgupta,
S.K., and Spears, C.P. Synthesis and biological activities of 5-(acylethynyl)uracils,
5-(2-acylvinyl)uracils and their corresponding
2-deoxyribonucleosides. Division of Medicinal Chemistry, 206th ACS National
Meeting, Chicago, IL, August 22!27, 1993. 36. Grunberg, S.M., Spears, C.P., Natale,
R., Zaretsky, S., and Ashigawa,
T. Phase I evaluation of high-dose edatrexate (EDX) with leucovorin (LV)
rescue. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin.
Oncol., 13:146, 1994. 37. Larsson, P-A.,
Carlsson, C., Spears, C.P., and Gustavsson, B.G.
5,10-Methylene-tetrahydrofolate (CH2FH4) effects on rat colon tumor growth
and biomodulation of 5-fluorouracil (FUra). Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer
Res., 35:426, 1994. 38. Avramis,
V.I., Larson, G.P., Spears, C.P., Kwock, R., Nelson, P., Muthini,
S., and Rossi, J.J. Hammerhead ribozymes as anti-oncogene (N-myc) biotherapeutic agents. Proc. Genet. Revolution,
p. 11, 1994. 39. Avramis,
V.I., Larson, G.P., Spears, C.P., Kwock, R., Nelson, P., Muthlnl,
S., and Rossi, J.J. Hammerhead ribozymes as anti-oncogene (N-myc) biotherapeutic agents. Clin. Chem., 40:2336,
1994. 40. Muggia,
F., Israel, V., Pujari, M., Spears, C.P., Leichman,
L., Leichman, C.G., Jeffers, S., Rogers, M., and
Koda, R. Intraperitoneal (IP) floxuridine (FUDR) and leucovorin (LV) with
simultaneous 72h hydroxyurea (HU) IV infusion: pharmacology and tolerance. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer
Res., 36:241, 1995. 41. Periclou,
A.P., Spears, C.P., Grunberg, S.M., Lee, W.Y., Koda, R., and Avramis, V.I. Pharmacokinetic analyses of 10-edatrexate
following a Phase I short-term continuous infusion in patients with
carcinomas. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin.
Oncol., 14:458, 1995. 42. Das, P., Kundu, N.G.,
Spears, C.P., and Su, S. Synthesis and biological activities of
6-(2-acylvinyl) uracils. Division of Medicinal
Chemistry, 207th ACS National Meeting, Anaheim, CA, April 2-6, 1995. 43. Carlsson, G., Frösing, R., Larsson, P-A., Spears, C.P., and Gustavsson,
B.G. Fluorouracil (FU) plus 5,10-methylene-tetrahydrofolate
((d,l)-CH2FH4): Phase I-II trial of weekly i.v. bolus therapy. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol.,
14:469, 1995. 44. Koda, R., Parimoo, D., Spears, C.P., Israel, V., Jeffers, S.,
Rogers, M., Leichman, L., Leichman,
C.G., Pujari, M., and Muggia, F. Hydroxyurea (HU)
IV 72-hour infusion during intraperitoneal (IP) fluxouridine
(FUDR) and leucovorin (LV): pharmacologic/clinical
correlates. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer
Res., 37:181, 1996. 45. Spears, C.P., Vergon, C., Polonsky, M., Masterson, M., Habboubi, N., Carlsson, C., Gustavsson, B.G., and the
Nordic Biomodulation Group, Phase I/II sequential trimetrexate/split-dose
fluorouracil therapy in advanced colorectal cancer. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin.
Oncol. 17: 1999. 46. Alvarez, E., Menon,
K., Bewley, J.R., Spears, C.P., Schultz, R.M., Teicher,
B.A., Chen, V.J., and Galbreath, E. Immunohistochemical detection of in vivo
alteration of thymidylate synthase levels in a human HCT116 colon carcinoma tumor
xenograft induced by the use of MTA (LY231514). Clin. Cancer Res. 5
(Suppl. S):657, 1999. 47. Yazan, O., Spears,
C.P., Carlsson, G. Gustavsson, B., Ingram, M.L., and Gruia,
G. Thymidylate synthase (TS) and Ki-67 expression in tumor cells of patients
with advanced colon cancer randomized to irinotecan (CPT-11) vs.
5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Ann. Oncol. 11
(Suppl.4):234P, 2000. (Proceeding of the 25th ESMO Congress, 13-17 October,
Hamburg, Germany. 48. Lenz, H, Iqbal, S., Groshen, S., Muggia, F.M., Tsao-Wei, D., Johnson , K., Spears, C.P., Gandara, D.R.,
Yen, Y., Doroshow, J.H., and Newman, E.M. Phase I
study of sequency dependency of iv hydroxyurea (HU) in combination with
fluorouracil (5-FU). Proc. Am. Soc. Clin.
Oncol. 20:95b, 2001. 49. Odin, E., Wettergren, Y., Carlsson, G., Larsson, L., Spears, C.P.,
and Gustavsson, B. Gene Expression Ratios of folylpolyglutamate synthetase
(FPGS) and gamma-glutamyl hydrolase (GGH) in colorectal carcinoma and paired
normal mucosa. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin.
Oncol. 20: #359, 2001. 50. Gustavsson, B., Xiog, S., Salonga, D., Cooc, J., Danenberg, K.,
Carlsson, G., Odin, E., Spears, P., Lord, R.V., and Danenberg,
P.V. Inverse relation between DPD mRNA expression and response to 5FU/LV
therapy versus 5FU/5, 10, methylenetetrahydrofolate therapy for patients with
colorectal cancer. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin.
Oncol. 21:115a, 2002. 51. Spears, C.P.,
Carlsson, G., Odin, E., and Gustavsson, B. More rapid and complete
thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibition in tumors after 5-FU by methylene-tetrahydrofolate
(CH2FH4) preloading. EORTC-NCI-AACR
Symposium, Frankfurt, Germany, November, 2003. Eur. J. Cancer 38
(Suppl.7):S22, 2002. 52. Cantwell, M.J.,Spears, C.P., Robbins, J.M. Antitumor activity of
combination of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate,
5-fluorouracil, and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor against human
colorectal HT-29 tumors in nude mice. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin.
Oncol. 22: 311s (Abstract 3768), 2004. 53. Spears, C.P.,
Pineda, R., Reid, T., Robbins, J., Habita, C.,
Pharmacodynamics of weekly intravenous
methylene-tetrahydrofolate/5-fluorouracil on formic acid, RBC folate, and
homocysteine levels in patients with metastatic colon cancer. Proc. Amer. Assoc.
Cancer Res. 2005. 54. Reid, T., Spears,
C.P., Quadro, R., Subramanian, L., Pawl, L., Jankovic, S., Jelic., N., Milinic, L., Muzikravic, L., Habita, C. A
Simon 2 stage study of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolic acid with 5-fluorouracil
as first line treatment in metastatic colorectal cancer. Proc. Amer. Soc. Clin.
Oncol. 23: 293s (Abstract 3692), 2005. 55. Reid, T., Spears,
C.P., Quadro, R., Subramanian, L., Pawl, L., Jankovic, S., Jelic., N., Milinic, L., Muzikravic, L., Robbins, J. 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolic
Acid with 5-fluorouracil as first line treatment in metastatic colorectal cancer:
Phase II study results.
(http://www.cpspears.com/publications/42nd-ASCO-annual-meeting.pdf) Proc. Amer. Soc. Clin.
Oncol. 24: 170s (Abstract 3699), 2006. 56. Reid, T., Spears, C.P., Subramanian,
M., Pawl, L., Jankovic, G., Jelic, S., Milinic, N., Muzikravic.,
Stewart, J., Robbins, J.M. Response to second line treatment following
5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate acid (CoFactor) with
5-fluorouracil as first line treatment in metastatic colorectal cancer. Proc. 8th World Congress
on Colon Cancer, Barcelona, Spain, 2006. 57. Spears, C.P., Yan,
J.J., and Bicknell-Johnson, M. Modulo Fibonacci Model of Phyllotaxis. Am.
Soc. Cell Biol. 46th Ann Meeting, San Diego, p.62, 529 (B492), 2006. 58. Spears, C.P., Khine, A., Nguyen, M.T. Bendamustine
shows low Swain-Scott s-constant,
nucleophilic selectivity, a basis for
prolonged myelosuppression. EuroSciCon,
Dublin, Ireland, June 11-13, 2018. Archives Cancer Res. Vol.6. 59. Spears, C.P., and Nguyen,
M. Standardized Approach for Comparison of Therapeutic, Mutagenic, and
Environmental Alkylating Agents in Neutral Protic Media. 32nd Euro Congress on Cancer
Science & Therapy, March 07-08, 2019, Barcelona, Spain. J. Cancer Sci. Ther.
Vol.11:22-23, 2019. 60. Spears, C.P. and
Nguyen, M. Nucleophilic Selectivities of Aliphatic
Electrophile Candidates for
Swain-Scott Analysis: Fully Protic and Aqueous, Green Media, Including
Hypoxia, and Non-Nucleophilic Solvents. 17th Annual Congress of
International Drug Discovery Science & Technology, Kyoto Intl. Conf.
Center, Japan, July 25-27, 2019, pp.222-223. |